They have since become naturalized in largely unforested land across the eastern U.S., they have displaced the native purple finch and even the non-native house sparrow. To avoid prosecution under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, vendors and owners released the birds. The birds were sold illegally in New York City as "Hollywood Finches", a marketing artifice. Originally only a resident of Mexico and the southwestern United States, they were introduced to eastern North America in the 1940s. Analyses of nest records from House Finches in California spanning more than a century found that egg‐laying occurred significantly earlier in warmer springs. Their breeding habitat is urban and suburban areas across North America, as well as various semi-open areas in the west from southern Canada to the Mexican state of Oaxaca the population in central Chiapas may be descended from escaped cagebirds. These birds are mainly permanent residents throughout their range some northern and eastern birds migrate south. These three species are not closely related to the similar Old World Carpodacus rosefinches, although formerly included in that genus. This bird belongs to the genus Haemorhous, together with the purple finch and Cassin's finch. Adult females have brown upperparts and streaked underparts. As a result, the colors range from pale straw-yellow through bright orange (both rare) to deep, intense red. Male coloration varies in intensity with the seasons and is derived from the berries and fruits in its diet. This color sometimes extends to the belly and down the back, between the wings. In most cases, adult males' heads, necks and shoulders are reddish. Breast and belly feathers may be streaked the flanks usually are. Īdults have a long, square-tipped brown tail and are a brown or dull-brown color across the back with some shading into deep gray on the wing feathers. Body mass can vary from 16 to 27 g ( 9⁄ 16 to 15⁄ 16 oz), with an average weight of 21 g ( 3⁄ 4 oz). Adult birds are 12.5 to 15 centimetres (5 to 6 inches) long, with a wingspan of 20 to 25 cm (8 to 10 in).
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